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// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
/*!
* Snapshots
*/
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::Arc;
use _serde::SnapshotV2;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use typed_builder::TypedBuilder;
use super::table_metadata::SnapshotLog;
use crate::error::{timestamp_ms_to_utc, Result};
use crate::io::FileIO;
use crate::spec::{ManifestList, SchemaId, SchemaRef, StructType, TableMetadata};
use crate::{Error, ErrorKind};
/// The ref name of the main branch of the table.
pub const MAIN_BRANCH: &str = "main";
/// Reference to [`Snapshot`].
pub type SnapshotRef = Arc<Snapshot>;
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
/// The operation field is used by some operations, like snapshot expiration, to skip processing certain snapshots.
pub enum Operation {
/// Only data files were added and no files were removed.
Append,
/// Data and delete files were added and removed without changing table data;
/// i.e., compaction, changing the data file format, or relocating data files.
Replace,
/// Data and delete files were added and removed in a logical overwrite operation.
Overwrite,
/// Data files were removed and their contents logically deleted and/or delete files were added to delete rows.
Delete,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
/// Summarises the changes in the snapshot.
pub struct Summary {
/// The type of operation in the snapshot
pub operation: Operation,
/// Other summary data.
#[serde(flatten)]
pub other: HashMap<String, String>,
}
impl Default for Operation {
fn default() -> Operation {
Self::Append
}
}
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, TypedBuilder)]
#[serde(from = "SnapshotV2", into = "SnapshotV2")]
#[builder(field_defaults(setter(prefix = "with_")))]
/// A snapshot represents the state of a table at some time and is used to access the complete set of data files in the table.
pub struct Snapshot {
/// A unique long ID
snapshot_id: i64,
/// The snapshot ID of the snapshot’s parent.
/// Omitted for any snapshot with no parent
#[builder(default = None)]
parent_snapshot_id: Option<i64>,
/// A monotonically increasing long that tracks the order of
/// changes to a table.
sequence_number: i64,
/// A timestamp when the snapshot was created, used for garbage
/// collection and table inspection
timestamp_ms: i64,
/// The location of a manifest list for this snapshot that
/// tracks manifest files with additional metadata.
/// Currently we only support manifest list file, and manifest files are not supported.
#[builder(setter(into))]
manifest_list: String,
/// A string map that summarizes the snapshot changes, including operation.
summary: Summary,
/// ID of the table’s current schema when the snapshot was created.
#[builder(setter(strip_option), default = None)]
schema_id: Option<SchemaId>,
}
impl Snapshot {
/// Get the id of the snapshot
#[inline]
pub fn snapshot_id(&self) -> i64 {
self.snapshot_id
}
/// Get parent snapshot id.
#[inline]
pub fn parent_snapshot_id(&self) -> Option<i64> {
self.parent_snapshot_id
}
/// Get sequence_number of the snapshot. Is 0 for Iceberg V1 tables.
#[inline]
pub fn sequence_number(&self) -> i64 {
self.sequence_number
}
/// Get location of manifest_list file
#[inline]
pub fn manifest_list(&self) -> &str {
&self.manifest_list
}
/// Get summary of the snapshot
#[inline]
pub fn summary(&self) -> &Summary {
&self.summary
}
/// Get the timestamp of when the snapshot was created
#[inline]
pub fn timestamp(&self) -> Result<DateTime<Utc>> {
timestamp_ms_to_utc(self.timestamp_ms)
}
/// Get the timestamp of when the snapshot was created in milliseconds
#[inline]
pub fn timestamp_ms(&self) -> i64 {
self.timestamp_ms
}
/// Get the schema id of this snapshot.
#[inline]
pub fn schema_id(&self) -> Option<SchemaId> {
self.schema_id
}
/// Get the schema of this snapshot.
pub fn schema(&self, table_metadata: &TableMetadata) -> Result<SchemaRef> {
Ok(match self.schema_id() {
Some(schema_id) => table_metadata
.schema_by_id(schema_id)
.ok_or_else(|| {
Error::new(
ErrorKind::DataInvalid,
format!("Schema with id {} not found", schema_id),
)
})?
.clone(),
None => table_metadata.current_schema().clone(),
})
}
/// Get parent snapshot.
#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) fn parent_snapshot(&self, table_metadata: &TableMetadata) -> Option<SnapshotRef> {
match self.parent_snapshot_id {
Some(id) => table_metadata.snapshot_by_id(id).cloned(),
None => None,
}
}
/// Load manifest list.
pub async fn load_manifest_list(
&self,
file_io: &FileIO,
table_metadata: &TableMetadata,
) -> Result<ManifestList> {
let manifest_list_content = file_io.new_input(&self.manifest_list)?.read().await?;
let schema = self.schema(table_metadata)?;
let partition_type_provider = |partition_spec_id: i32| -> Result<Option<StructType>> {
table_metadata
.partition_spec_by_id(partition_spec_id)
.map(|partition_spec| partition_spec.partition_type(&schema))
.transpose()
};
ManifestList::parse_with_version(
&manifest_list_content,
table_metadata.format_version(),
partition_type_provider,
)
}
pub(crate) fn log(&self) -> SnapshotLog {
SnapshotLog {
timestamp_ms: self.timestamp_ms,
snapshot_id: self.snapshot_id,
}
}
}
pub(super) mod _serde {
/// This is a helper module that defines types to help with serialization/deserialization.
/// For deserialization the input first gets read into either the [SnapshotV1] or [SnapshotV2] struct
/// and then converted into the [Snapshot] struct. Serialization works the other way around.
/// [SnapshotV1] and [SnapshotV2] are internal struct that are only used for serialization and deserialization.
use std::collections::HashMap;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use super::{Operation, Snapshot, Summary};
use crate::spec::SchemaId;
use crate::Error;
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
/// Defines the structure of a v2 snapshot for serialization/deserialization
pub(crate) struct SnapshotV2 {
pub snapshot_id: i64,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub parent_snapshot_id: Option<i64>,
pub sequence_number: i64,
pub timestamp_ms: i64,
pub manifest_list: String,
pub summary: Summary,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub schema_id: Option<SchemaId>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
/// Defines the structure of a v1 snapshot for serialization/deserialization
pub(crate) struct SnapshotV1 {
pub snapshot_id: i64,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub parent_snapshot_id: Option<i64>,
pub timestamp_ms: i64,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub manifest_list: Option<String>,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub manifests: Option<Vec<String>>,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub summary: Option<Summary>,
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
pub schema_id: Option<SchemaId>,
}
impl From<SnapshotV2> for Snapshot {
fn from(v2: SnapshotV2) -> Self {
Snapshot {
snapshot_id: v2.snapshot_id,
parent_snapshot_id: v2.parent_snapshot_id,
sequence_number: v2.sequence_number,
timestamp_ms: v2.timestamp_ms,
manifest_list: v2.manifest_list,
summary: v2.summary,
schema_id: v2.schema_id,
}
}
}
impl From<Snapshot> for SnapshotV2 {
fn from(v2: Snapshot) -> Self {
SnapshotV2 {
snapshot_id: v2.snapshot_id,
parent_snapshot_id: v2.parent_snapshot_id,
sequence_number: v2.sequence_number,
timestamp_ms: v2.timestamp_ms,
manifest_list: v2.manifest_list,
summary: v2.summary,
schema_id: v2.schema_id,
}
}
}
impl TryFrom<SnapshotV1> for Snapshot {
type Error = Error;
fn try_from(v1: SnapshotV1) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
Ok(Snapshot {
snapshot_id: v1.snapshot_id,
parent_snapshot_id: v1.parent_snapshot_id,
sequence_number: 0,
timestamp_ms: v1.timestamp_ms,
manifest_list: match (v1.manifest_list, v1.manifests) {
(Some(file), None) => file,
(Some(_), Some(_)) => "Invalid v1 snapshot, when manifest list provided, manifest files should be omitted".to_string(),
(None, _) => "Unsupported v1 snapshot, only manifest list is supported".to_string()
},
summary: v1.summary.unwrap_or(Summary {
operation: Operation::default(),
other: HashMap::new(),
}),
schema_id: v1.schema_id,
})
}
}
impl From<Snapshot> for SnapshotV1 {
fn from(v2: Snapshot) -> Self {
SnapshotV1 {
snapshot_id: v2.snapshot_id,
parent_snapshot_id: v2.parent_snapshot_id,
timestamp_ms: v2.timestamp_ms,
manifest_list: Some(v2.manifest_list),
summary: Some(v2.summary),
schema_id: v2.schema_id,
manifests: None,
}
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
/// Iceberg tables keep track of branches and tags using snapshot references.
pub struct SnapshotReference {
/// A reference’s snapshot ID. The tagged snapshot or latest snapshot of a branch.
pub snapshot_id: i64,
#[serde(flatten)]
/// Snapshot retention policy
pub retention: SnapshotRetention,
}
impl SnapshotReference {
/// Create new snapshot reference
pub fn new(snapshot_id: i64, retention: SnapshotRetention) -> Self {
SnapshotReference {
snapshot_id,
retention,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase", tag = "type")]
/// The snapshot expiration procedure removes snapshots from table metadata and applies the table’s retention policy.
pub enum SnapshotRetention {
#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
/// Branches are mutable named references that can be updated by committing a new snapshot as
/// the branch’s referenced snapshot using the Commit Conflict Resolution and Retry procedures.
Branch {
/// A positive number for the minimum number of snapshots to keep in a branch while expiring snapshots.
/// Defaults to table property history.expire.min-snapshots-to-keep.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
min_snapshots_to_keep: Option<i32>,
/// A positive number for the max age of snapshots to keep when expiring, including the latest snapshot.
/// Defaults to table property history.expire.max-snapshot-age-ms.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
max_snapshot_age_ms: Option<i64>,
/// For snapshot references except the main branch, a positive number for the max age of the snapshot reference to keep while expiring snapshots.
/// Defaults to table property history.expire.max-ref-age-ms. The main branch never expires.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
max_ref_age_ms: Option<i64>,
},
#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
/// Tags are labels for individual snapshots.
Tag {
/// For snapshot references except the main branch, a positive number for the max age of the snapshot reference to keep while expiring snapshots.
/// Defaults to table property history.expire.max-ref-age-ms. The main branch never expires.
#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
max_ref_age_ms: Option<i64>,
},
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::collections::HashMap;
use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
use crate::spec::snapshot::_serde::SnapshotV1;
use crate::spec::snapshot::{Operation, Snapshot, Summary};
#[test]
fn schema() {
let record = r#"
{
"snapshot-id": 3051729675574597004,
"timestamp-ms": 1515100955770,
"summary": {
"operation": "append"
},
"manifest-list": "s3://b/wh/.../s1.avro",
"schema-id": 0
}
"#;
let result: Snapshot = serde_json::from_str::<SnapshotV1>(record)
.unwrap()
.try_into()
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(3051729675574597004, result.snapshot_id());
assert_eq!(
Utc.timestamp_millis_opt(1515100955770).unwrap(),
result.timestamp().unwrap()
);
assert_eq!(1515100955770, result.timestamp_ms());
assert_eq!(
Summary {
operation: Operation::Append,
other: HashMap::new()
},
*result.summary()
);
assert_eq!("s3://b/wh/.../s1.avro".to_string(), *result.manifest_list());
}
}